Element - A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom. Mixture - A substance that consists of a combination of elements and/or compounds. Compound - A pure substance that consists of only one type of molecule. Proton - A positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus. Neutron - A neutral particle that is found in the nucleus. Electron - A negatively charged particle that orbits around a nucleus. Atom - A particle that consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. Periodic table - A table that arranges elements according to their size and properties. Group - A vertical column of the periodic table. Atomic number - The number of protons in an element. Mass number - The number of protons and neutrons in an element . Alkali metals - Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. These form 1+ ions. Alkaline - earth metals Elements in Group 2 of the periodic table. These form 2+ ions. Halogens - Elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. These form 1- ions. Noble gasses - Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. These are chemically unreactive. Ion - An atom or group of atoms that carries an overall charge. Ionic bond - A chemical bond that forms as the result of electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. Lattice - A three-dimensional structure formed by ionic compounds. Hydroxide - The name of the following ion: OH-. Ammonium - The name of the following ion: NH4+ Nitrate - The name of the following ion: NO3- Sulfate - The name of the following ion: SO42- Bicarbonate - The name of the following ion: HCO3- Carbonate - The name of the following ion: CO32- Phosphate - The name of the following ion: PO43- Hydronium - The name of the following ion: H3O+ Metals - These elements form positive ions. They usually exist as dense solids at room temperature. Malleable - Able to be beaten flat. Ductile - Able to be pulled into a wire. Non-metals - These elements are usually poor conductors of electricity and have a low melting point. They are often gasses at room temperature. Phenolphthalein - This indicator turns pink in the presence of hydroxide ions. Indicators - These substances change colour depending on the pH of the solution they are in. Strong acids - These substances are good at increasing the proportion of hydronium ions in a solution. Strong bases - These substances are good at increasing the proportion of hydroxide ions in a solution. Pop test - The test for hydrogen gas. Catalyst - This substance speeds up the rate of a reaction but is unchanged by the reaction. Precipitate - A solid that forms out of a solution. Limewater - This solution turns cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide.
Element - A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom.
Mixture - A substance that consists of a combination of elements and/or compounds.
Compound - A pure substance that consists of only one type of molecule.
Proton - A positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus.
Neutron - A neutral particle that is found in the nucleus.
Electron - A negatively charged particle that orbits around a nucleus.
Atom - A particle that consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Periodic table - A table that arranges elements according to their size and properties.
Group - A vertical column of the periodic table.
Atomic number - The number of protons in an element.
Mass number - The number of protons and neutrons in an element .
Alkali metals - Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. These form 1+ ions.
Alkaline - earth metals Elements in Group 2 of the periodic table. These form 2+ ions.
Halogens - Elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. These form 1- ions.
Noble gasses - Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. These are chemically unreactive.
Ion - An atom or group of atoms that carries an overall charge.
Ionic bond - A chemical bond that forms as the result of electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
Lattice - A three-dimensional structure formed by ionic compounds.
Hydroxide - The name of the following ion: OH-.
Ammonium - The name of the following ion: NH4+
Nitrate - The name of the following ion: NO3-
Sulfate - The name of the following ion: SO42-
Bicarbonate - The name of the following ion: HCO3-
Carbonate - The name of the following ion: CO32-
Phosphate - The name of the following ion: PO43-
Hydronium - The name of the following ion: H3O+
Metals - These elements form positive ions. They usually exist as dense solids at room temperature.
Malleable - Able to be beaten flat.
Ductile - Able to be pulled into a wire.
Non-metals - These elements are usually poor conductors of electricity and have a low melting point. They are often gasses at room temperature.
Phenolphthalein - This indicator turns pink in the presence of hydroxide ions.
Indicators - These substances change colour depending on the pH of the solution they are in.
Strong acids - These substances are good at increasing the proportion of hydronium ions in a solution.
Strong bases - These substances are good at increasing the proportion of hydroxide ions in a solution.
Pop test - The test for hydrogen gas.
Catalyst - This substance speeds up the rate of a reaction but is unchanged by the reaction.
Precipitate - A solid that forms out of a solution.
Limewater - This solution turns cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide.