Temperature - The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object (measured in ºC). Heat - The total kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. Temperature rise - This can occur when a substance is heated and the average kinetic energy of the particles is increased. Heat capacity - The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1ºC. If this is high, the substance will heat up and cool down slowly. Thermal conductors - Substances that conduct heat well. Thermal insulators - Substances that do not conduct heat well. Radiation - Transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves. This transfer occurs independently of particles. Convection - Transfer of energy by the movement of particles. This occurs in liquids and gasses. Convection current - A circular movement of a fluid or gas that occurs when part of that fluid or gas is heated. Conduction - Transfer of energy by particles bumping into each other. This often occurs in solids. Black - Objects of this shade are good at absorbing and emitting heat. White - Objects of this shade are good at reflecting heat and light. Change of state - A process that can occur when a substance is heated and the heat energy goes into breaking bonds between the particles rather than increasing the temperature of the substance. Melting - The process of going from a solid to a liquid. Evaporating - The process of going from a liquid to a gas. Sublimation - When a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas. Expansion - A process that can occur when a substance is heated, resulting in an increase in the volume of a substance.
Temperature - The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object (measured in ºC).
Heat - The total kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
Temperature rise - This can occur when a substance is heated and the average kinetic energy of the particles is increased.
Heat capacity - The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1ºC. If this is high, the substance will heat up and cool down slowly.
Thermal conductors - Substances that conduct heat well.
Thermal insulators - Substances that do not conduct heat well.
Radiation - Transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves. This transfer occurs independently of particles.
Convection - Transfer of energy by the movement of particles. This occurs in liquids and gasses.
Convection current - A circular movement of a fluid or gas that occurs when part of that fluid or gas is heated.
Conduction - Transfer of energy by particles bumping into each other. This often occurs in solids.
Black - Objects of this shade are good at absorbing and emitting heat.
White - Objects of this shade are good at reflecting heat and light.
Change of state - A process that can occur when a substance is heated and the heat energy goes into breaking bonds between the particles rather than increasing the temperature of the substance.
Melting - The process of going from a solid to a liquid.
Evaporating - The process of going from a liquid to a gas.
Sublimation - When a substance goes directly from a solid to a gas.
Expansion - A process that can occur when a substance is heated, resulting in an increase in the volume of a substance.