Homozygous - When an organism has two alleles that are the same, e.g. BB or bb. Heterozygous - When an organism has two alleles that are different, e.g. Bb. Pure breeding - Another term for the homozygote. Hybrid - Another term for the heterozygote. Gene - A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic (trait). Alleles - Alternate forms of a gene, e.g. B or b for eye colour. Trait - The particular characteristic that a gene codes for, e.g. eye colour. Genotype - The collection of all the genes that an organism has. Phenotype - The collection of all the traits (expressed characteristics) an organism has. Dominant allele - An allele that will be expressed if it is present, e.g. the B allele for brown eyes. Dominant alleles are represented by a capital letter. Recessive allele - An allele that is only expressed if the dominant allele is not present, e.g. the b allele for blue eye colour. Discrete variation - Variation that can only have set values, e.g. blue or brown eyes. Continuous variation - Variation that can have an infinite number of values, e.g. height. Acquired variations - Variations that are obtained during the organism’s life, e.g. fitness. Inherited variations - Variations that are passed from parents to their children through genetics, e.g. eye colour. Selective breeding - When animals or plants are breed to increase the number of desirable traits (or to decrease the number of undesirable traits). P1 Generation - The parental generation of a cross. Monohybrid cross activity F1 Generation - The first generation of offspring. F2 Generation - The second generation of offspring.
The 'X' shaped things are chromosomes
Homozygous - When an organism has two alleles that are the same, e.g. BB or bb.
Heterozygous - When an organism has two alleles that are different, e.g. Bb.
Pure breeding - Another term for the homozygote.
Hybrid - Another term for the heterozygote.
Gene - A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic (trait).
Alleles - Alternate forms of a gene, e.g. B or b for eye colour.
Trait - The particular characteristic that a gene codes for, e.g. eye colour.
Genotype - The collection of all the genes that an organism has.
Phenotype - The collection of all the traits (expressed characteristics) an organism has.
Dominant allele - An allele that will be expressed if it is present, e.g. the B allele for brown eyes. Dominant alleles are represented by a capital letter.
Recessive allele - An allele that is only expressed if the dominant allele is not present, e.g. the b allele for blue eye colour.
Discrete variation - Variation that can only have set values, e.g. blue or brown eyes.
Continuous variation - Variation that can have an infinite number of values, e.g. height.
Acquired variations - Variations that are obtained during the organism’s life, e.g. fitness.
Inherited variations - Variations that are passed from parents to their children through genetics, e.g. eye colour.
Selective breeding - When animals or plants are breed to increase the number of desirable traits (or to decrease the number of undesirable traits).
P1 Generation - The parental generation of a cross. Monohybrid cross activity
F1 Generation - The first generation of offspring.
F2 Generation - The second generation of offspring.